PESTS AND DISEASES
Understanding Dutch Elm Disease
Dutch Elm Disease (DED) is one of the most destructive tree diseases worldwide, responsible for the loss of millions of elm trees across Europe and North America.
Caused by the fungal pathogens Ophiostoma ulmi and Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, DED has profoundly impacted urban and rural landscapes since the early 20th century. This overview covers its history, causes, symptoms, and strategies for prevention and management.
Ash dieback disease
Ash Dieback (also known as Hymenoscyphus fraxineus) is a serious fungal disease affecting ash trees across Europe and beyond. It has caused widespread decline and death of ash populations, threatening both urban and woodland ecosystems. This overview provides an understanding of the disease’s history, causes, symptoms, and management strategies.